Character: John Proctor

Act One:

Act One first introduces John Proctor as a man who is "even tempered, and not easily led", yet the audience soon sees irony in this matter due to the fact that he had an affair with Abigail Williams, which explains that he is easily led.

Proctor is described as similar to a Godly figure which has been transformed in Salem as he is described as "respected, and even feared in Salem, has come to regard himself as a kind of fraud" which implies that the people of Salem recognize Proctor as a strong character, yet he has the ability to bring other people down.

Proctor appears to

- Will expand later.

Essay Plan

To what extent can the plays you have studied be seen to have, directly or indirectly, a social or political purpose? Refer to two or three plays, exploring how they achieve their purposes.

Social Purpose:

- Showing the relationships between different classes

- The relationship clashes with different personalities

Political Purpose:

- Showing a way of control in a society and the flaws it possesses

The Crucible:

The play directly explains the political ideology of McCarthyism and the ways in which it affects people in the community by not having to have evidence for prove them guilty. This is shown in Act three with Elizabeth Proctor who is charged with witchcraft, and they have no evidence to prove her innocence, yet, one victim who claims her guilt can be responsible for her death. Abigail accuses her of witchcraft, claiming herself as the victim.

The witchcraft in the play creates an anger within the town of Salem, which Miller uses as a symbol to express that dissatisfaction that American society has towards the ways of McCarthyism.

The Glass Menagerie:

The play does not express political purposes, but it does show many social elements such as Tom's hopes to leave the house and make his own way in the world.

Also, the difference between social ways in the past and the present are expressed through the way in which Amanda presses her past, and the way she grew up onto her daughter. These differences show the audience the social struggles in the play, firstly from Laura, who struggles to integrate into social surroundings due to her disability and also her immense shyness.

Essay Plan

Objective Correlative Presentation.

By Kristy Cremer, Emma Clarke and AJ MacFarlane

https://docs.google.com/present/edit?id=0AfriS492jpVGZGN2a3NnZHJfMGM1cDJ0ZGht&hl=en&authkey=CMzyjPEE

The Glass Menagerie: Scene 5-6 and Mother Courage Comparison

Scene 5 and 6 of The Glass Menagerie shows the introduction of the gentleman into the play, who is coming for dinner with the Wingfield family. These scenes equate with Mother Courage in the way in which the Mother figure in both plays continue to not learn from their previous mistakes.

Firstly, in Mother Courage the audience sees the death of all Mother Courage's three children, and after each death she fails to register the significance of the situation and the consequences of actions. This shows Mother Courages naive nature she struggles to come to terms with reality. Also in Mother Courage the feature of the rotating stage illustrates the non-progress of Mother Courage, as she continues to move forward with her cart on her journey, yet she is not going anywhere.

The Glass Menagerie shows Amanda Wingfield trying to relive her past through her children, as she attempts to find her daughter a suitable gentleman caller, that she wished she had for herself. Earlier in the play Amanda realizes that her daughter is not attending typing school, but she fails to register the unhappiness and discontent that her daughter has with being forced into public situations. Now in scenes 5 and 6 the audience sees Amanda making the same mistake, enforcing a gentleman caller onto her daughter that she does not want. This is also seen through her son Tom as she tries to control him, making him work at a warehouse when he dreams of adventure and greater experiences. Amanda's oblivious nature means that see cannot understand that Tom has greater dreams than the confines of their apartment.

The main reason that Amanda has this oblivious nature is due to her need for financial comfort, and hopes for a brighter future. When Tom first talks about the gentleman caller she insists she knows what he is studying, and is delighted when she concludes that "he has visions of being advanced in the world". This importance of reputation and recognition to Amanda block her vision of her children's needs and wants. Through the gentleman caller Amanda can relive her past and hope for a brighter future for herself.

The Glass Menagerie, Scene 5: The Gentleman Caller...

Tom's announcement of a Gentleman caller coming to the Wingfield house is a significant aspect of the plot of The Glass Menagerie, firstly because Amanda Wingfield is finally seeing one of her dreams for her daughter come true, to meet a nice gentleman. In the beginning of scene one the hope for a gentleman caller is seen through Amanda's nagging for Laura to "to stay fresh and pretty - for gentlemen caller!". Therefore, this realization that a man is coming to the house in the beginning of scene five excites Amanda.

When Tom first announces to his mother that a gentleman is coming to their house Amanda continually replies with and simple interrogative sentences such as "It's definite, then?" and "soon?" both of which suggest Amanda's eagerness of the situation. However, although Amanda is very pleased with the news she is thinking more of her own excitement rather than Laura's, who the gentleman caller is supposed to be coming for. This shows Amanda's oblivious nature her children's wishes, by assuming that the news will be accepted by Laura. From this section of the scene it also becomes apparent that Amanda is trying to relive her years of youth through her daughter, as although the gentleman caller is coming for herself.

The fact that such a small event in the play of a gentleman coming for dinner illustrates the simplicity of the Wingfield's world, with such small events causing great stress and panic. This is because Amanda has struggled through life, and she is now living in the lower-middle class which she cannot escape from, and this image of a gentleman caller has the possibility to change their world. However, in the play Tom has a significantly more relaxed dialect as this small event does not change his need for adventure out in the world.

The Glass Menagerie and Mother Courage Comparison

In both the Glass Menagerie and Mother Courage there are several parallels between the texts which aid the analysis and interpretation of the characterization of the main characters in the two plays. Scene one in the Glass Menagerie is set in the lower middle class America in the 1930's, while Mother Courage is also set in a lower middle class society with both protagonists Mother Courage and Amanda Wingfield wanting the best for their children and trying to have as much material wealth as possible. Mother Courage does this by living off the war, and Amanda Wingfield does this by living off her son Tom, who works to support her family.

Both family groups are incomplete, the family in Mother Courage is led by Mother Courage, with her three children who each have a different father, who is not present throughout the text. While in the Glass Menagerie we see Amanda Wingfield and her two children. Her husband is a distant figure in the play, but his portrait continues to loom over the family throughout the play.

Both the mothers in the plays and the children in the plays are trapped inside the lower middle class world that they live in. Mother Courage aims to live off the war so she can make a profit and come out wealthy, while she drags her children along with her. While in the Glass Menagerie Amanda Wingfield takes control of her children, while she is still trapped in the lower middle class.

Both mothers feel the importance of money and material wealth. Amanda Wingfield likes to make herself feel wealthy by wearing clothes from her past, when she was in a wealthier class. Amanda makes her son work doing something he doesn't enjoy due to her want for material wealth.

Both Female protagonists are depicted by Brecht and Williams in a manner that ties them to their houses, which prevent them from escaping from their lives which they aren't content with.

The Glass Menagerie: Scene One, Lighting and Music Thoughts

From the production notes in the play we see that the lighting for The Glass Menagerie is set up to promote to and constantly remind the audience that the play is in fact a memory, and also sentimental. Lighting is used to show this through the stage set in a dim light, while when Laura is on stage she has a bright light upon her. This distinction of different lighting for specific characters illustrates that Toms memories are based upon the story of Laura.
In scene one when the audience is first introduced to Laura the stage directions show that "the interior has lit up softly and through the scrim we see Amanda and Laura..." This promotes to the audience the significance of an aspect of the stage when the lighting is intensified, in this case the central character in the play, Laura is now on stage.
Towards the end of the scene Amanda is questioning Laura on whether she will have any gentlemen callers. After Laura insists that there won't be any she laughs nervously at her mothers response. At this moment the stage directions state, "a shaft of very clear light is thrown on her face against the faded tapestry of the curtains". This bold amount of light is significant compared to the dim light usually established in the play. It is seen as significant in the play that Laura slips through the portières, and the light on her face makes the audience aware that Laura's actions are significant in Tom's memory.
Throughout scene one the lighting upon characters is associated with music. During the scene Tom motions the stage directions to place "a pot of light on Amanda" and he also motions for music. Also at the close of the scene the light "dims out the 'Glass Menagerie' music". This use of music throughout the play illustrate to the audience the emotion behind the memory being portrayed by Tom, but it also distances the play from reality, again signifying that the play is non-realistic. The music played throughout the play is light music, which expresses a delicate but also sad feel. This light music relates to glass, which becomes a motif for Laura in the play. There is beauty about it, but also the tendency for it to be so easily broken.
Throughout the scene music is often played during a characters dialogue. During Amanda's speech the stage directions indicate for the music "'The Glass Menagerie' under faintly. Lightly". This use of music can be seen to express emotion on what the person is saying, but it could also express satire towards the character. The music of 'The Glass Menagerie' sounds similar to clown music, which is often associated with hiding behind something the character is not, which is a mockery for Toms life and his memory.
Therefore, the use of music and lighting in the play is significant in portraying to the audience the depth and importance of Toms memories, but also reminding the audience that what they are viewing is just a memory, which is subjective to Toms thoughts and opinions.

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KUnS1mK9ibo - The Glass Menagerie Music

Mother Courage: Scene 11. Thoughts...

In scene eleven of Mother Courage we see a peasant family who is trying to look out for their family in the town below, which is about to be attacked by the Catholic Regiment. At this point of the scene Kattrin climbs up onto the peasants roof and begins beating her drum. This drum is a symbol for Kattrin's voice, as she uses it to try and save the other people in the town below. Being disabled, Kattrin is observed as the physically weaker character as she is described as 'poor creature' which dehumanizes her.
However, we see throughout the scene that in fact, Kattrin is the strongest character in the play as her compassion for others is more important than her own life. This is seen as the peasant family try to stop Kattrin from playing the drum to save themselves, and they threaten to kill her. This risk of death illustrates that idea that surrounds the scene, the threat of death. In this moment "Kattrin starts to cry, but she goes on drumming". This shows that although Kattrin knows she is risking her life, she is prepared to die as she knows that her one life is less valuable than a entire town. This compassion and care shows that audience that even though Kattrin does not speak, she has the loudest and most influential voice, which is the irony of the play.

Throughout the scene the peasant man and his wife are seen onlooking at the town below where their family are, but they have no desire to go and save them and believe that their fate has been made. This shows the destruction of war, as people think of self, and not of others. They are willing to kill one person, or observe a towns killing in order to save themselves.
On page 82 the peasant wife says a long speech to Kattrin, ordering her to pray for the town to be saved. In the speech she says a parody of the Lord's prayer, "Our Father, which art in Heaven, hear Thou our prayer, let not the town be destroyed" This parody signifies what is real in the world has been distorted. People thinking only of oneself, rather than for others.

Essay: Mother Courage: Aspirations

Mother Courage: Chapter 3: Aspirations...


At the beginning of the play Mother Courage is seen as a wise woman who wants to protect her children, but also have financial wealth. Mother Courage is seen as this supporting character through the motif of the wagon which carries all her families belongings. In scene three a change is seen in the characterization as Mother Courage denies knowing her son Swiss Cheese to save herself. This shows that Mother Courage is not able to achieve all her aspirations in life. Although she makes the decision to deny knowing her son, Mother Courage comes across to the audience as feeling guilty as "Mother Courage shakes her head". This speechlessness compares Mother Courage to Kattrin, who is helpless in saving her brothers, due to not speaking. This action explains that Mother Courage has to give up her motherly duties to help herself.

The only daughter of Mother Courage, Kattrin also changes throughout the first three scenes of the play. Firstly when Kattrin is mentioned on-stage she is spoken as Mother Courages "dumb daughter" who does not speak. This implies to the audience that she is not able to stand up for herself or express herself. In chapter three Kattrin meets Yvette the prostitute in one of the war camps. Kattrin is seen as trying on Yvettes "Red high-heeled boots" which imply that she wants to have an identity. Also, Kattrin is trying to express her sexuality and become something other than Mother Courages "dumb daughter".

First Thoughts: Friend, by Hone Tuwhare

Friend,
Do you remember
that wild stretch of land
with the lone tree guarding the point
from the sharp-tongued sea?

The boat we built out of branches
wrenched from the tree, is dead wood now.
The air that was thick with the whir of
toetoe spears succumbs at last to the
grey gull’s wheel.

Oyster-studded roots
of the mangrove yield none finer feast
of silver-bellied eels, and sea-snails
cooked in a rusty can.

Allow me
To mend the broken ends
of shared days:
but I wanted to say
that the tree we climbed
that gave food and drink
to youthful dreams, is no more.
Pursed to the lips her fine-edged
leaves made whistle—now stamp
no silken tracery on the cracked
clay floor.

Friend,
in this drear
dreamless time I clasp
your hand if only for reassurance
that all our jewelled fantasies were
real and wore splendid rags.

Perhaps the tree
will strike fresh roots again:
give soothing shade to a hurt and
troubled world.




- The first stanza is composed of one interrogative which connects the reader personally with the poem and the persona
- No rhyme scheme

Stanza 1
- Personification of 'sharp-tongued sea'
- Personification of the 'lone tree guarding the point'
- This use of personification illustrates the importance of nature in the personas memories with his friend
- Extended metaphor of the tree and its roots

Stanza 2:
- 3rd person pronoun 'we' gives the reader a connection with the persona
- The tone of the stanza has changed and contains more negative connotationbs such as 'dead wood' an 'thick' air


Stanza 5:
- The persona reflects that in bad times he reflects on his friendship which allows him to return to happy memories

Stanza 6:
- The persona comes to the conclusion that they hope to restore the friendship they reflect on in the first stanza
- The persona concludes that friendship is a very important part of life which gives people hope

The Great Gatsby: Final Passage...

"On the last night, with my trunk packed and my car sold to the grocer, I went over and looked at that huge incoherent failure of a house once more. On the white steps an obscene word, scrawled by some boy with a piece of brick, stood out clearly in the moonlight, and I erased it, drawing my shoe raspingly along the stone"

This passage immediately draws the reader to the symbol of Gatsby's mansion, which is an objective correlative for Gatsby. With the use of the pre-modifying adjectives "huge incoherent failure" to describe the house, Nick Carrawy sees Gatsby's dream and desire of having Daisy love him as a failure.
The white steps that are described at the front on the house can represent Daisy, which is the colour the symbolises her. The fact that the front steps are white are explaining that all of Gatsby's work for wealth and social signifiance was all for her. The fact that the white steps have been graffitied on with an "obscene word" is paradoxical to the innocence and purity of the white steps. Also, because the "some boy" graffitied on Gatsby's house, this is meaning that the memory and legacy of Gatsby is being de-faced, misjudged and changing the story how he left it.

The importance of the moonlight shows the difference between the natural world and the moderised world of technology. Before Gatsby's death, his life was surrounded by lights such as the "green light" at the end of Daisy's dock and the lights of Gatsby's parties. All this artifical light was turned off when Gatsby died, and only the natural "moonlight" is remaining, which sheads light on the truth. This idea is seen later in the passage when the "Dutch-sailors" first came to America on the search for the American dream, the only light was the natural light of the moonlight, rather than the light that came from the modernising America.
The moonlight can also represent the desolation, as the lights from Gatsby's parties have faded away.

Othello Movie Viewing Two: Thoughts...

We continued to watch the film, and are very close to the end.

Near the end, when Othello decides he must kill Desdamona for being unfaithful to him, we see that there is an important theme of trust. It is very important to Othello that he trusts the people around him, and if he discovers otherwise, he does not want to deal with the consequences. The idea of love overcomes the idea of mistrust, as Othello kills Desdamona, even though he still loves him.

When Othello finds out the Iago was lying to him about Desdamona being unfaithful, Othello realises that it is Iago who was being the less trustworthy and loyal throughout the time we see. This causes Othello to kill Iago, as it is his fault that Desdamona is now dead.

Othello Movie Viewing One: Thoughts...

In the first viewing of the movie, the theme of the importance of social class structure is becoming evident. Also, the theme of racism is starting to emerge. This is seen in the treatment that Othello recieves from the rest of the characters towards his love for Desdamona. Brabanchilo also has a grudge against Othello when he discovers that he has married his daughter without permission.
Love is an important theme, as we see the pain Roderigo was feeeling as his beloved Desdamona is in love with Othello, rather than himself.